The way in which bipolar patients perceive their illness (perception of illness) is a fundamental theoretical element of adherence to long-term medication treatment. It is also one of the core objectives of psychoeducational treatment, which has been shown to be effective in preventing new affective episodes in bipolar patients, as an adjunct to stabilizing drug treatment. Despite its theoretical and practical importance, there are few studies on how bipolar patients naturally perceive their disease, and how this perception of the disease is related to other factors. In this line, the objectives of this study are: 1) to explore the natural perception of the disease of bipolar patients; 2) to empirically test the theoretical relationship between perception of the disease and pharmacological adherence; and 3) explore the relationship between the perception of the disease and the emotional temperament.