| AUTORES | Huppert E, Cowell JM, Cheng Y, Contreras-Ibáñez C, Gomez-Sicard N, Gonzalez-Gaeda LM, Huepe D, Ibanez A, Lee K, Mahasneh R, Malcolm-Smith S, Salas N, Selcuk B, Tungodden B, Wong A, Zhou X, Decety J. |
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| AÑO | 2018 |
| JOURNAL | Developmental Science |
| VOLUMEN | September 12, 2018 |
| ABSTRACT | A concern for fairness is a fundamental and universal element of morality. To examine the extent to which cultural norms are integrated into fairness cognitions and influence social preferences regarding equality and equity, a large sample of children (N 2,163) aged 4–11 were tested in 13 diverse countries. Children participated in three versions of a third‐party, contextualized distributive justice game between two hypothetical recipients differing in terms of wealth, merit, and empathy. Social decision‐making in these games revealed universal age‐related shifts from equality‐based to equity‐based distribution motivations across cultures. However, differences in levels of individualism and collectivism between the 13 countries predicted the age and extent to which children favor equity in each condition. Children from the most individualistic cultures endorsed equitable distributions to a greater degree than children from more collectivist cultures when recipients differed in regards to wealth and merit. However, in an empathy context where recipients differed in injury, children from the most collectivist cultures exhibited greater preferences to distribute resource equitably compared to children from more individualistic cultures. Children from the more individualistic cultures also favored equitable distributions at an earlier age than children from more collectivist cultures overall. These results demonstrate aspects of both cross‐cultural similarity and divergence in the development of fairness preferences. |
| RESUMEN | Se examinó la influencia cultural en la manera en que los niños comparten (juegos de justicia distributiva en términos de riqueza, mérito o empatía) en una muestra (N> 2,000, 4-11 años) de 13 países. Los niños exhibieron conducta de equidad similares en todas las culturas que dependen de la edad. Sin embargo, los niveles de individualismo versus colectivismo de cada cultura afectaron la edad en que los niños favorecieron las distribuciones equitativas. Estos resultados demuestran similitudes y divergencias interculturales en el desarrollo de las preferencias de equidad. |